THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF AGRARIAN REFORMS, THEIR FEATURES, AND THEIR ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRRICULTURE
Javahir J. Torosyan
University named after M. Mashtots,
Yerevan, M. Heratsi St., 2/1,
National Agrarian University of Armenia,
Yerevan, Teryan St., 74,
e-mail: javahirtorosyan@yahoo.com
Summary
Land and agrarian reforms represent a key instrument of state policy in the agrarian sector. Most of these reforms have traditionally been carried out during the transition from a feudal society to a capitalist one, as well as to eliminate feudal forms of management and serfdom. Agrarian reforms usually take place against the backdrop of deep social upheavals, revolutions, and political transformations.
All well-known agrarian reforms have been aimed at improving land relations in agriculture, overcoming crises, creating more efficient forms of management and ownership, establishing a competitive system, increasing the material incentives and responsibilities of economic actors, liberalizing the economy by fostering free economic relations, developing private ownership in rural areas, reducing social tensions, creating production infrastructure, enhancing the efficiency of the agrarian market, and more. Ultimately, they are intended to increase land use efficiency and address the issue of national food security.
The study of global experience in land and agrarian reforms demonstrates that they are an objective necessity and serve as a fundamental instrument of state policy.
Keywords: agrarian, private property, management, liberalization, efficiency, food security.